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common minerals & their uses

  40 common minerals & their uses Of the ninety two elements found in the Earth, forty of them are used in our daily lives. Some of the names are common and well known, and others seem obscure until one sees that it helps create something we cannot live without. The following is a list of those most commonly in use: Antimony Antimony is a metal that is used along with alloys to create batteries for storing grid power. It is silvery gray and can be found in its pure form in nature, an uncommon characteristic.  Asbestos Asbestos has an unsavory reputation for causing cancer in people who work around it. It is a fibrous mineral with incredible fire retarding properties. Although asbestos has a bad reputation, when polished it becomes the well known and popular ‘Tiger Eye’ stone. Barium Barium is a common element used in x-ray technology, fireworks, rubber and glass making and rat poison. It is a soft, white metallic element and alkaline. Bauxite Bauxite is a sedimentary rock ...
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What is Thermoplastics

  Thermoplastics are defined as polymers that can be melted and recast almost indefinitely. They are molten when heated and harden upon cooling. When frozen, however, a thermoplastic becomes glass-like and subject to fracture. These characteristics, which lend the material its name, are reversible, so the material can be reheated, reshaped, and frozen repeatedly. As a result, thermoplastics are mechanically recyclable. Some of the most common types of thermoplastic are polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, polyethylenetheraphthalate and polycarbonate.   Properties   Thermoplastics have a simple molecular structure comprising chemically independent macromolecules. Upon heating, they are softened or melted, then shaped, formed, welded, and solidified when cooled. Multiple cycles of heating and cooling can be repeated, allowing reprocessing and recycling.   Applications   Thermoplastics have been around for a long time and are an important co...

What is Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

  Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was one of the first plastics discovered, and is also one of the most extensively used. It is derived from salt (57%) and oil or gas (43%). It is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene. PVC comes in two basic forms: rigid (sometimes abbreviated as RPVC) and flexible. Properties   PVC’s combination of properties enables it to deliver performance advantages that are hard to match. It is durable, light, strong and fire resistant, with excellent insulating properties and low permeability. By using various additives in the manufacturing process, features such as strength, rigidity, colour and transparency can be adjusted to meet specific needs.   Applications   PVC is widely used in applications such as:   Building products, including window frames and other profiles, floor and wall coverings, roofing sheets, linings for tunnels, swimming-pools and reservoirs. Piping, including...

What is Polyurethane (PUR)

  Polyurethane (PUR) is a resilient, flexible and durable manufactured material. There are various types of polyurethanes, which look and feel very different from each other. They are used in a very broad range of products. In fact, we are surrounded by polyurethane-containing products in every aspect of our everyday lives. While most people are not overly familiar with polyurethanes because they are generally 'hidden' behind covers or surfaces made of other materials, it would be hard to imagine life without them.   Properties   Not only are polyurethanes affordable and safe materials, they are also sustainable. Polyurethanes preserve the Earth’s natural resources by reducing the need for energy. Polyurethanes make our lives more comfortable, from the relaxation provided by foams in furniture and bedding, to the insulation that regulates temperature inside buildings.  In cars their cushioning properties help protect drivers and passengers in case of collision. The m...

What is Polystyrene

  Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer made from styrene monomer, which is a liquid petrochemical. It is a thermoplastic polymer which softens when heated and can be converted via semi-finished products, such as films and sheets, into a wide range of final articles.   Properties   Polystyrene can be rigid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene  is clear, hard and brittle. Polystyrene is naturally transparent, but can be coloured with colorants. High Impact Polystyrene : Polystyrene containing a polybutadiene rubber impact modifier is opaque or translucent rather than transparent. This is often used blended with General Purpose polystyrene or on its own in a wide range of household applications and in food packaging.   Applications   Polystyrene is used in a wide range of applications, including:   Packaging. Household appliances. Consumer electronics products. Building and constructions, for example insulation foam, panels, bath and shower units, lightin...

What is Polyolefins

  Polyolefins are a family of polyethylene and polypropylene thermoplastics. They are produced mainly from oil and natural gas by a process of polymerisation of ethylene and propylene respectively.  Their versatility has made them one of the most popular plastics in use today.   Properties   There are four types of polyolefins:   LDPE   (low-density polyethylene): LDPE is defined by a density range of 0.910–0.940 g/cm3. It can withstand temperatures of 80 °C continuously and 95 °C for a short time. Made in translucent or opaque variations, it is quite flexible and tough. LLDPE   (linear low-density polyethylene): is a substantially linear polyethylene, with significant numbers of short branches, commonly made by copolymerization of ethylene with longer-chain olefins. LLDPE has higher tensile strength. and higher impact and puncture resistance than LDPE. It is very flexible and elongates under stress. It can be used to make thinner films and has good re...

What is PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene)

  Since their discovery in the 1930s with the invention of PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene), Fluoropolymers have played an essential role in many industrial applications.   Today, Fluoropolymers are renowned for their superior non-stick properties associated with their use as a coating on cookware and as a soil and stain repellent for fabrics and textile products.They also contribute to significant advancement in areas such as aerospace, , electronics, automotive, industrial processes (chemical and power sectors, including renewable energy), architecture, food and pharma and medical applications. The most well-known member of Fluoropolymers is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) discovered in 1938.   PTFE is inert to virtually all chemicals and is considered to be the most slippery material in existence. These properties have made it one of the most valuable and versatile plastics, After the discovery of PTFE, fluoropolymers family expanded with for example ePTFE discovered...